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Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, or GHB, is a depressant drug that impacts millions of people worldwide. The drug developed in the 1920s has euphoric and sedative effects that have mental and physical implications.
The high dependence on the drug manifests in the form of powerful cravings, which can be seen in its psychological and physiological effects. Apart from its addictive effects, it carries substantial risks, including overdose and organ damage.
What is GHB?
GHB, short for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, is a central nervous system depressant that occurs naturally in the brain, but it can also be produced synthetically for its sedative effects. It is available as a colorless, orderless, and tasteless liquid, powder, or crystal, and is sometimes referred to by street names like “liquid ecstasy,” or “easy sleaze.”
GHB has medicinal properties which are used to treat sleep disorders, but it’s illegal use can lead to addiction or drug abuse. This drug is life-threatening because a small difference in dosage can lead to side effects or even death.
Effects of GHB Addiction on the Body
GHB has a significant effect on the body. It is a depressant drug that can produce sedative effects on the body. The severity of the effects of GHB Addiction can vary depending on the dose taken and whether the drug is taken with other substances.
Short-term Effects of GHB Addiction
There are several short-term effects of GHB Addiction which mainly includes:
- Euphoria
- Relaxation
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Sociability
- Seizures
- Come
- Loss of coordination
- Nausea and vomiting
Long-term Effects of GHB Addiction
Apart from the short-term sedation, GHB has certain long-term effects:
- Addiction
- Extreme anxiety
- Heart disease
- Hallucinations
- Sleep problems
- Memory issues
- Liver damage
- Respiratory arrest
Risks of GHB Use
Individuals who abuse GHB for recreational purposes have a high risk of developing a substance use disorder. GHB increases the production of serotonin and dopamine in the central nervous system, which results in euphoric effects. A drop in the levels of neurotransmitters can lead to depression, lethargy, etc.
GHB significantly impacts the hypothalamus responsible for the body's regulatory functions.
Physical Risks
Regular intake of GHB can lead to unpredictable intoxication with a high risk of overdose. It has other physical dangers that include loss of consciousness, which can lead to accidents or injuries, and respiratory issues that can also become life-threatening. Additionally, GHB causes dependence with withdrawal symptoms, and long-term substance abuse leading to heart problems, liver damage, and seizures.
Mental and Emotional Risks
GHB addiction disrupts the brain’s chemistry, which can lead to anxiety and depression. One can experience unpredictable mood swings, making it difficult for people to function in their daily lives. The effects of GHB addiction are profound and can severely impact mental health and overall well-being.
Long-term use of the drug increases the risk of psychosis, hallucinations, and can impair cognitive abilities. Individuals can indulge in risky behaviours such as stealing or selling drugs which can further impact their safety and overall health.
How GHB Addiction Develops
Addiction to GHB develops gradually, as consumption increases, the euphoric effects start to take over the chemical balance in the brain.
While the use of GHB might begin as an experiment in various social gatherings, repeated consumption can lead to dependence. As the body starts relying on the drug, the tolerance level increases. Individuals start using larger doses to get the same effect.
Physical dependence leads to withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped, people may experience insomnia, anxiety, tremors, and seizures.
Generally, at this stage, chronic addiction has developed. People start getting occupied with consuming GHB, even after facing negative consequences.
How is GHB Addiction Diagnosed
A series of tests and assessments are conducted to diagnose GHB addiction, as there is not one single test available for diagnosis. Healthcare professionals will assess your GHB use patterns, frequency, dosage, and duration of use. They will also conduct a physical exam to identify withdrawal symptoms.
Therapists or clinical psychologists will conduct a psychological evaluation which will involve questions related to your thoughts, feelings, and behaviours while using GHB. They will formulate a standardised questionnaire to assess the severity of your addiction and the effects of GHB addiction.
Various signs like impaired control of GHB despite negative consequences, social and occupational problems, cravings, and compulsive use can be evaluated to draw an accurate diagnosis.
An early and comprehensive evaluation of GHB addiction can help identify the underlying reasons for GHB use and develop a personalised treatment plan.
When to Seek Help for GHB Addiction?
Seeking help for GHB addiction is critical while being aware of the following symptoms: lack of control over use, improved tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, or constant cravings. If GHB use interferes with daily responsibilities, relationships, or standard health, professional help is necessary.
In addition, experiencing physical symptoms such as memory lapses, frequent blackouts, or difficulty breathing are indicative of serious addiction and the effects of GHB addiction. Mental health problems consisting of tension, despair, or suicidal thoughts related to GHB use also require immediate attention.
Don't look ahead to the crisis; early intervention can prevent further damage. Remember that seeking help is a fundamental step toward recovery and regaining control of your existence.
Treatment Options for GHB Addiction
The effects of GHB addiction can be profound, impacting both physical and mental health. Treatment options for GHB addiction aim to address these effects comprehensively, ensuring a holistic approach to recovery. GHB addiction treatment includes:
Detoxification
Detoxification is an important first step in treating GHB addiction. Due to the excessive withdrawal symptoms that undoubtedly threaten the lifestyle, medical supervision is essential. In a controlled environment, health professionals can screen for troubling symptoms, offer medication to ease withdrawal symptoms, and provide supportive care.
The detoxification technique aims to safely get rid of GHB from the body, stabilise the patient, and prepare him or her for GHB addiction treatment. It is necessary to undergo detox in a specialised facility to ensure protection and reduce the risk of complications during this challenging phase of recovery.
Therapy and Counselling
Therapy and counselling are critical for the cure for GHB addiction. Therapies like cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) make it easier for people to perceive and change the troubling thinking patterns and behaviors associated with substance use.
Other GHB addiction treatments, including individual counselling, organisational therapy, and family therapy, provide additional help and deal with underlying psychological issues.
These therapeutic approaches help patients expand coping skills, improve emotional regulation, and build a strong supportive community. By addressing the root causes of addiction, therapy, and counselling play an important role in achieving long-term recovery and stopping relapse.
Medication-Assisted Treatment
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) can play a supportive role in managing GHB addiction, even though there are no specific medications approved for GHB withdrawal. However, doctors may prescribe medication to ease withdrawal symptoms and deal with co-occurring mental health issues.
For example, antipsychotics are likely used for excessive signs and symptoms like hallucinations. MAT is commonly mixed with behavioral treatment plans to eliminate the drug's effectiveness. By reducing withdrawal symptoms and stabilising intellectual fitness, MAT makes it easier for addicts to become aware of their recovery and fully participate in therapeutic sports.
Rehabilitation
GHB addiction rehabilitation includes medical intervention aimed at achieving long-term recovery. In-patient rehabilitation provides a controlled environment with round-the-clock guidance, extensive therapy, and medication management. These addiction rehabilitation programs typically last 30 to 90 days and give a comprehensive approach to healing. Outpatient rehabilitation allows people to heal while maintaining daily responsibilities, with regular GHB addiction treatment sessions and assistance.
Inpatient and outpatient programs include behavioural and organisational recovery, educating individuals about the drug, and relapse prevention techniques. Rehabilitation centers allow individuals to build a foundation for sobriety, expand coping strategies, and create a supportive community for lasting recovery.
What Type of Doctors Can Treat GHB Addiction?
GHB addiction treatment generally involves a group of healthcare professionals with specialised knowledge. Addiction medicine specialists and psychiatrists are key players because they have advanced training in substance abuse and mental health.
These doctors may prescribe medications to manage withdrawal symptoms and recurring problems with cognitive ability. Primary care physicians often provide preliminary tests and referrals to specialists. Clinical psychologists and certified therapists offer basic behavioural treatments such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). In addition, medical toxicologists can be vital in dealing with cases of acute GHB intoxication.
For comprehensive care, collaboration between these specialists ensures a holistic approach to treatment that addresses both the physical and psychological factors of GHB addiction. Seeking help from a multidisciplinary team increases the chance of long-term sobriety.
What are the Effects of GHB Withdrawal?
GHB withdrawal can be excessive and potentially life-threatening, requiring clinical supervision. Symptoms usually begin within a few hours after stopping GHB and peak within 24 to 48 hours. Common physical effects include shaking, sweating, nausea, vomiting, prolonged heart attack, and increased blood stress.
Individuals may also revel in extreme tension, restlessness, and insomnia. In extreme cases, withdrawal can lead to hallucinations, delirium, seizures, and intense confusion. Psychological symptoms including excessive craving, depression, and mood swings are also common.
The withdrawal process can be extremely uncomfortable and stressful, often necessitating medication and supportive care to manage symptoms. Due to the danger of severe headaches, detoxification in a controlled environment is strongly recommended. Proper medical supervision ensures a safer recovery journey and prepares the individual for lasting recovery.
How Cadabam’s Rehabilitation Center Can Help
Cadabam’s Rehabilitation Center offers comprehensive GHB addiction treatment through personalised care plans. Our multidisciplinary team provides clinical detoxification, behavioural therapy, and counselling to address the physical and mental aspects of addiction. With 24/7 support, structured treatment, and a focus on long-term healing, Cadabam’s provides a safe environment for patients to achieve sobriety and regain control of their lives.
If you are searching for a solution to your problem, Cadabam’s Anunitha De-Addiction Centre can help you with its team of specialized experts. We have been helping thousands of people live healthier and happier lives for 30+ years. We leverage evidence-based approaches and holistic treatment methods to help individuals effectively manage GHB addiction. Get in touch with us today. You can call us at +91 96111 94949.