Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder

Symptoms of Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder (DPDR) 

People with DPDR often struggle to explain their experiences. The symptoms can be confusing, overwhelming, and frightening, but they are real and valid. 

Depersonalisation Symptoms 

A key depersonalization disorder symptom is emotional detachment. You may feel disconnected from your own feelings or experience a sense of numbness. It can feel as though you're observing your emotions from the outside, unable to fully engage with them. 

Another common depersonalization disorder symptom is feeling as though you’re outside your body, observing yourself from a distance. This sensation can be distressing and disorienting, making you feel disconnected from both your actions and your environment. 

These experiences can be brief or last for longer periods, and they may come and go depending on stress levels, trauma, or fatigue. 

Derealisation Symptoms

People experiencing derealisation often describe the world as dreamlike or unreal, but for those also living with depersonalization disorder, these episodes can feel amplified and continuous.

What Causes Depersonalisation Derealisation Disorder (DPDR)? 

DPDR doesn’t have one single cause. It’s often the result of a mix of emotional, psychological, and biological factors. 

Psychological Triggers 

Trauma or Prolonged Stress: Many people experience DPDR following a traumatic event or after chronic stress. It’s the brain’s way of emotionally “shutting down” to protect itself. 

Co-occurring Conditions: Anxiety disorders, depression, and PTSD are commonly linked to DPDR. These conditions can make dissociative symptoms more likely and more intense and also act as depersonalization disorder causes. 

Neurological and Biological Factors 

Understanding the depersonalization disorder causes from a neurological and biological perspective can shed light on why these symptoms occur. Consider the following contributing factors:

• Brain Chemistry Imbalances: Changes in neurotransmitters like serotonin may play a role in how the brain processes perception and self-awareness. 
• Sleep Deprivation and Fatigue: Lack of rest can impair the brain’s ability to regulate emotions and perception, making DPDR symptoms worse. 
• Substance Use: Drugs like marijuana, alcohol, or psychedelics can trigger or worsen symptoms, especially if you’re already feeling stressed or anxious. 

Who Is at Risk of Developing DPDR? 

DPDR can affect anyone, but some groups are more vulnerable: 

• Teens and young adults: Most people experience their first symptoms between the ages of 16 and 25. 
• Individuals with a history of trauma: Childhood trauma or abuse is a common link. 
• People experiencing extreme emotional stress or burnout: High-stress jobs, grief, or relationship issues can contribute to dissociation as a coping mechanism.

Types of Depersonalisation-Derealisation Experiences 

DPDR can show up in different ways, depending on its cause. Understanding the type can help guide the right kind of support. 

Primary (Standalone) DPDR 

This type develops independently, without being triggered by trauma, substance use, or another mental health condition. People may experience long-term symptoms without a clear cause.  

It’s often chronic and requires a tailored depersonalization disorder treatment plan focused on managing stress and reconnecting with oneself. 

Trauma-Induced DPDR 

DPDR is a common response to trauma, especially childhood abuse, violence, or serious accidents.  

The brain detaches as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions. Even long after the trauma, symptoms can persist if not addressed. Trauma therapy is key in this type. 

Substance-Induced DPDR 

Certain substances—especially marijuana, alcohol, or psychedelics—can trigger DPDR symptoms. These effects might appear during use or linger long after.  

In some cases, a single drug experience can lead to ongoing dissociation, especially if the person is already anxious or vulnerable. 

Anxiety-Linked DPDR 

Intense anxiety or panic attacks can bring on DPDR symptoms. The brain goes into “emergency mode,” disconnecting to reduce emotional overload.  

This form often improves with treatment for the underlying anxiety, such as CBT or medication. 

Situational or Transient DPDR 

Sometimes, DPDR symptoms are brief and tied to specific life events, such as sleep deprivation, grief, or a high-stress situation.  

While short-lived, they can still feel distressing. With rest, support, and stress management, these symptoms often resolve on their own.

Diagnosis of Depersonalisation Derealisation Disorder 

Diagnosing DPDR involves careful evaluation by a mental health professional. 

Clinical Evaluation Based on DSM-5 Criteria 

DPDR is diagnosed based on criteria in the DSM-5. These include persistent or recurrent depersonalisation, derealisation, or both, causing significant distress or problems in daily functioning, and not due to other mental or physical health conditions. 

Psychological Assessments and Screening Tools 

Clinicians may use self-report questionnaires, interviews, and dissociation scales to understand the severity and impact of symptoms. These tools help distinguish DPDR from other disorders like panic disorder, psychosis, or PTSD.

Strategies for Overcoming Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder 

Daily strategies can help you manage symptoms and reconnect with reality, one step at a time. 

Practical Coping Techniques 

Managing depersonalization disorder starts with small daily habits—here are some effective techniques to try:

• Grounding exercises, like focusing on textures, smells, or sounds in the moment. 

• Mindfulness practices to stay present and reduce overthinking. 

• Regular physical activity to reconnect with your body. 

• Healthy sleep habits to avoid fatigue-driven symptoms. 

• Balanced diet and hydration to support overall brain function. 

These small, daily habits can make a big difference over time. 

When Self-Help Isn't Enough 

Sometimes, DPDR symptoms don’t ease with coping techniques alone. If the disconnect feels constant, overwhelming, or begins to affect your relationships and work, it’s time to seek professional help. 

Therapists and rehabilitation centres can offer the support you need to truly heal.

Comprehensive Rehab Treatment Plans for Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder

Treatment for DPDR focuses on helping you reconnect with yourself and your surroundings. A combination of therapies and support often works best. 

Psychotherapy Approaches 

Effective depersonalization disorder treatment often begins with the right therapy. Here are some proven approaches that can help:

• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Helps identify unhelpful thought patterns and challenge distorted beliefs linked to dissociation. 
• Trauma-Focused Therapy: Especially useful for trauma-induced DPDR. It gently addresses past experiences contributing to current symptoms. 
• Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT): Supports emotional regulation and distress tolerance, useful for managing intense feelings of disconnection. 

Therapy helps you make sense of the experience and gradually rebuild a stronger sense of self. 

Medication Management 

In some cases, depersonalization disorder treatment may include medication. Here are common options doctors might consider:

• Antidepressants: Sometimes prescribed to manage co-occurring depression or anxiety, which can reduce DPDR symptoms. 
• Anti-Anxiety Medications: May offer short-term relief, particularly if anxiety is a major trigger, but are used cautiously to avoid dependence. 

Medication works best when combined with therapy and lifestyle changes. 

Structured Rehabilitation Programs 

For individuals whose depersonalization disorder symptoms severely disrupt daily life, structured mental health rehabilitation is often the best approach. These programs provide long-term, holistic care through psychotherapy, medication, and psychosocial support. 

At Cadabam’s, multidisciplinary teams create tailored treatment plans that focus on grounding techniques, emotional regulation, and rebuilding a sense of reality and self in a safe, supported environment. 

Personalised DPDR Treatment Plans at Cadabam’s 

At Cadabam’s, we understand that no two DPDR journeys are the same. Our expert team designs treatment plans that suit your unique needs—whether it’s therapy, medication, or structured rehab. 

Reach out today to learn how we can support your recovery and help you feel like yourself again.

When to Seek Professional Help for DPDR 

If you’ve been feeling disconnected from yourself or the world for more than a few days or weeks, it’s worth reaching out. Occasional dissociation can be normal, but when it becomes frequent, intense, or begins to interfere with your daily life, such as affecting your work, relationships, or sense of identity, it’s time to seek professional support. 

Compassionate, Professional Help for DPDR Treatment at Cadabam’s 

At Cadabam’s, we provide expert, personalised care through comprehensive assessments by psychiatrists and psychologists. Our rehab-based support blends therapy, medication, and lifestyle strategies, all delivered in a safe, structured setting. With individualised plans created by a multidisciplinary team, we focus on long-term healing and reconnection. Take the first step—reach out to Cadabam’s today. 

If you are searching for a solution to your problem, Cadabam’s Rehabilitation Centre can help you with its team of specialised experts. We have been helping thousands of people live healthier and happier lives for 30+ years. We leverage evidence-based approaches and holistic treatment methods to help individuals effectively manage their Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder. With individualised plans created by a multidisciplinary team, we focus on long-term healing and reconnection. Take the first step—Get in touch with us today. You can call us at +91 96111 94949.