Chapter 01
What Are Benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines (benzos) are a class of prescription drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia and seizures by enhancing the effects of GABA, a neurotransmitter that calms brain activity. They have a calming, muscle-relaxing and anxiolytic impact but can be highly addictive.
There are two main types of benzodiazepines: short-acting and long-acting. Short-acting benzos such as Xanax and Ativan work quickly but wear off more quickly. In contrast, long-acting benzos such as Valium and Klonopin remain in the body for longer, which increases the risk of dependence.
Short-Acting Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Ativan, Halcion)
Short-acting benzodiazepines like Xanax (alprazolam), Ativan (lorazepam) and Halcion (triazolam) are quick to take effect but have a short duration of action, lasting only a few hours.
Because they are quick to take effect, they are usually used for acute anxiety or insomnia. Their quick onset of action, however, also makes them prone to abuse and dependence.
Long-Acting Benzodiazepines (Valium, Klonopin, Librium)
Benzodiazepines are legally prescribed by physicians for valid medical use. Abuse takes place, though, when individuals consume more doses than directed, mix them with other drugs like alcohol, or buy them without a prescription. The illegal use of benzodiazepines poses severe health consequences like overdose and potentially deadly withdrawal symptoms.
Legal vs. Illegal Use: Prescription vs. Misuse Scenarios
Benzodiazepines are legally prescribed by doctors for legitimate medical purposes. However, abuse occurs when people take higher doses than prescribed, combine them with other substances such as alcohol, or purchase them without a prescription.
Illicit use of benzodiazepines can lead to serious health risks, including overdose and life-threatening withdrawal symptoms.
