Post Partum Depression

Post Partum Depression Symptoms: Mental, Emotional & Physical  

Postpartum depression manifests across emotional, behavioural, and physical domains, including mood instability, social withdrawal, and persistent fatigue. Understanding these interconnected symptoms is key to timely recognition and effective support. 

Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms  

Mothers with PPD may experience intense mood swings, persistent anxiety, and intrusive thoughts such as fears of harming the baby or oneself. Concentration issues and emotional numbness are also common.  

 These emotional disturbances can lead to feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and disconnection from the newborn, often leaving mothers overwhelmed and unable to express what they are going through. 

Behavioural & Physical Changes 

Chronic fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite, and social withdrawal are frequent physical and behavioural signs. These symptoms often go unnoticed or are dismissed as normal post-birth experiences.  

Over time, they can result in neglecting self-care, reduced interaction with the baby, and avoidance of support systems, further intensifying feelings of isolation and distress. Support should extend to partners as well, as postnatal depression in men is often overshadowed and underdiagnosed.

How Does Postpartum Depression Affect Daily Functioning? 

PPD can severely disrupt a mother’s ability to care for her child, manage household duties, or return to work. Relationships may become strained, and the risk of long-term mental health issues increases if left untreated.  

Every day tasks may feel insurmountable, and the emotional disconnect can hinder maternal bonding, potentially affecting both the mother’s and child’s emotional development over time. Similar patterns may appear in male postnatal depression, where fathers experience emotional disengagement from parenting responsibilities.

What Causes Postpartum Depression? Risk Factors Explained 

Postpartum depression stems from biological, psychological, and social factors. It can affect mothers, fathers, and partners alike—especially under stress, exhaustion, or emotional strain—highlighting the need for early awareness and support. 

Biological & Psychological Factors 

Postpartum hormonal shifts significantly impact mood regulation. After childbirth, levels of oestrogen and progesterone drop sharply, contributing to mood instability. These fluctuations, along with thyroid hormone changes, can result in fatigue, anxiety, and irritability.  

Women with a history of depression, anxiety disorders, or trauma, particularly those related to childbirth or past loss, are at higher risk. Sleep deprivation following delivery can impair emotional regulation and delay psychological recovery, intensifying the impact of postnatal depression. 

Environmental or Social Factors 

Life circumstances play a crucial role in postpartum mental health. Financial stress, lack of family or partner support, and social isolation can contribute to or worsen depressive symptoms. Women in joint families may face traditional expectations, while those in nuclear setups may struggle with limited hands-on help.  

Limited access to postnatal care and stigma around mental health discourage help-seeking, allowing symptoms to progress unchecked.  Similar environmental stressors may also influence the development of postnatal depression in men, especially in the absence of paternal leave or emotional support.

Can Antenatal Depression Lead to Postpartum Depression? 

Yes, antenatal depression, or depression during pregnancy, is a major predictor of postpartum depression. Emotional distress during pregnancy often continues into the postpartum period.  

If left unaddressed, antenatal depression can develop into postnatal depression, especially after traumatic births, complications, or a lack of support. Regular mental health screenings during pregnancy are essential to prevent progression.

Types of Postpartum Depression

Postpartum mental health issues exist on a spectrum, ranging from mild and temporary to severe and psychiatric. Understanding the three main types—postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis—can help in recognising the condition early and choosing the right care approach.

Postpartum Blues

Also known as "baby blues," this is the most common and mildest form, affecting up to 80% of new mothers. Symptoms include mood swings, tearfulness, irritability, and anxiety, typically starting within the first week after delivery.

• Duration: Usually resolves within two weeks without medical treatment.
• Care: Emotional support, rest, reassurance, and understanding from family and healthcare providers are often enough.

Postpartum Depression (PPD)

More intense and longer-lasting than baby blues, PPD affects a mother’s ability to function and bond with her baby. Symptoms may include persistent sadness, loss of interest, guilt, fatigue, and thoughts of self-harm.

• Onset: Usually starts within 4–6 weeks but can occur anytime within the first year. 
• Treatment: A combination of psychotherapy (such as CBT), antidepressant medication (like SSRIs), family support, and in some cases, rehabilitation care. Early intervention leads to significantly better outcomes.

Postpartum Psychosis

A rare but serious psychiatric emergency, postpartum psychosis involves hallucinations, delusions, extreme mood shifts, and detachment from reality. It requires urgent medical attention to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.

• Onset: Typically within the first two weeks post-delivery.
• Treatment: Immediate hospitalisation, psychiatric care, and medication (e.g., antipsychotics, mood stabilisers). With timely treatment, full recovery is possible.

Postpartum Depression Diagnosis & Screening Tools 

Early diagnosis is essential for effective management of postpartum depression. Clinicians use a combination of clinical assessment and screening tools to identify symptoms that might otherwise be overlooked. 

How Is Postpartum Depression Diagnosed? 

Diagnosis involves reviewing the individual’s mental health history, current symptoms, and functional challenges. Structured interviews and self-assessment tools support accurate identification and informed treatment planning. 

EPDS: Edinburgh Scale Overview 

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used screening tool that includes 10 questions assessing emotional well-being over the past week. It is easy to administer and helps determine the need for further evaluation. 

EPDS Scoring & Results 

The total score ranges from 0 to 30. Scores of 10 and above indicate possible depression, while scores of 13 or more suggest the need for clinical attention. These results guide referral and treatment decisions. 

Accurate scoring on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale allows healthcare providers to make a timely postnatal depression diagnosis, leading to more effective care.

What Happens If Postpartum Depression Is Left Untreated? 

When left untreated, postpartum depression can have serious consequences for the mother, child, and the entire family. The longer the condition remains unaddressed, the greater the impact. 

Effects on Mother’s Mental and Physical Health 

Chronic depression, anxiety, or suicidal thoughts may develop. Physical symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, and poor sleep often worsen. Feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and emotional detachment can significantly reduce the mother’s quality of life. Timely postnatal depression diagnosis ensures that mothers get support before symptoms escalate to long-term complications.

Impact on Child’s Development and Bonding 

Children of mothers with untreated PPD may show delayed emotional or cognitive development and difficulties in forming secure attachments. Lack of responsive caregiving may also lead to behavioural problems as the child grows. 

Long-Term Effects on Relationships and Family Functioning 

Untreated PPD can strain marital and family relationships. Communication issues, reduced intimacy, and emotional distance may develop. Family stability can be disrupted unless timely intervention is provided. Fathers may experience male postnatal depression as a result of these family stressors.

Crisis Management for Severe PPD 

Severe postpartum depression can escalate into psychiatric emergencies that require immediate attention. While most cases are manageable with timely intervention, some may involve acute symptoms that place the mother or baby at serious risk.  

Recognising red flag symptoms early and responding promptly is critical. 

Red Flag Symptoms 

Some symptoms signal the need for urgent psychiatric support. These include profound hopelessness, emotional detachment from the baby, intense agitation, or complete withdrawal from reality.  

When these symptoms are accompanied by disorientation, impaired judgement, or risky behaviour, immediate medical evaluation is necessary, ideally using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to assess risk levels. 

Delusions 

Delusions are false beliefs held despite evidence to the contrary. A mother may believe the baby is in danger, possessed, or that she herself is unworthy of being a parent. These thoughts can result in irrational or harmful behaviour. 

Hallucinations 

Hallucinations involve seeing or hearing things that are not real. Mothers may report hearing voices commanding them to harm the baby or themselves. This symptom is particularly associated with postpartum psychosis and requires emergency intervention. 

Mania 

Manic episodes may present as extreme energy, racing thoughts, impulsive decisions, or lack of sleep without fatigue. While mania may be mistaken for productivity, it can rapidly become dangerous if untreated, especially when judgment is impaired. 

Emergency Intervention Steps 

If red flag symptoms are observed, it is essential to act without delay. Seek immediate psychiatric evaluation from a qualified professional. Remove any objects that could cause harm and ensure the mother is not left alone.  

Family members should avoid confrontation and focus on ensuring safety until medical help arrives. In cases of psychosis or suicidal ideation, hospitalisation may be required.

Treatment for Postpartum Depression at Cadabam’s 

At Cadabam’s, the best treatment for postnatal depression involves a structured, rehab-based model that addresses biological, psychological, and social dimensions. The approach is personalised, trauma-informed, and focused on sustainable recovery. 

Psychotherapy & CBT 

Psychotherapy is a cornerstone of treatment. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) helps restructure negative thought patterns and address behavioural triggers. For mothers with trauma histories, trauma-informed therapy provides a safe space to process past events while strengthening present coping skills. 

Medication Support 

Pharmacological intervention may be recommended depending on the severity of symptoms. SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are commonly prescribed for moderate to severe cases.  

In certain cases, antipsychotics or hormonal treatments are used to manage complex symptoms. All medications are administered under strict medical supervision, with attention to breastfeeding compatibility. 

Family-Based Interventions 

Recovery is often strengthened through the involvement of family. Couple therapy helps address relationship stress and fosters emotional support.  

Parenting support sessions equip both partners with skills to manage childcare and mental health challenges, reducing pressure on the mother.

Why Early Help Matters 

Seeking help at the earliest signs of postpartum depression can significantly improve recovery outcomes. Early support prevents the condition from worsening and reduces long-term emotional and physical distress for both mother and child. 

Benefits of Timely Diagnosis 

Early diagnosis helps differentiate postpartum depression from common post-birth mood fluctuations. Timely identification allows healthcare providers to begin appropriate interventions before symptoms escalate.  

This also reduces the risk of chronic depression and improves bonding with the baby. 

How Early Support Changes Recovery Outcomes 

Support at the right time can shorten the duration of depression, lower relapse rates, and improve emotional resilience. Early therapy, medication, and family involvement can help mothers regain confidence, build coping skills, and return to daily routines faster. 

Get Help for Postpartum Depression at Cadabam’s 

Cadabam’s offers specialised treatment for postpartum depression, focusing on early diagnosis, personalised rehab care, and long-term recovery. A multidisciplinary approach ensures that every mother receives the right combination of support based on her specific needs. 

Why Early Diagnosis and Rehab Treatment Matter 

Rehabilitation offers a safe, structured environment where mothers can heal without external pressures. Early diagnosis and rehab reduce the risk of complications, such as postpartum psychosis, and promote faster emotional recovery with expert supervision. 

How to Reach Out for Support at Cadabam’s 

You can reach out to us through direct consultations, online assessments, and 24/7 helplines. Families and mothers can reach out confidentially and receive guidance on the next steps, including evaluation and admission, if needed. 

What to Expect from Our Integrated PPD Recovery Program 

At Cadabam’s, we offer programs that include therapy, medication management, family counselling, and follow-up care. Each recovery journey is personalised and delivered by specialists in perinatal mental health, ensuring safe and sustained improvement.  

If you are searching for a solution to your problem, Cadabam’s Rehabilitation Centre can help you with its team of specialised experts. We have been helping thousands of people live healthier and happier lives for 30+ years. We leverage evidence-based approaches and holistic treatment methods to help individuals effectively manage their postpartum depression. Get in touch with us today. You can call us at +91 96111 94949.